Overview
Dark skin is called Hyper-pigmentation. It is a condition in which excess melanin is produced by the melanocytes in the skin, resulting in a blotchy appearance. If the melanocyte is exposed to a source of trigger over and over again, it may become permanently damaged and remain in an overactive mode. This means that the cell will always produce excess melanin, even when the trigger is removed.
The appearance of hyper pigmentation or brown spots on the face is one of the earliest forms of skin ageing. Research shows that there are 2 distinct types of ageing. Ageing caused by the genes we inherit is called intrinsic ageing. The other type is called extrinsic ageing and is caused by environmental factors like sun, pollutants etc. Melasma, Freckles, Lentigines or age spots, spider veins, fine wrinkles, blotchy complexion are all signs of skin ageing. They are collectively called Photo-ageing. They may slowly evolve over years or develop suddenly. With repeated exposure, the skin loses its ability to repair and the damage accumulates.
Melasma is characterized by irregular, dark, hyper pigmented patches that occur symmetrically on both sides of the face.
Lentigines are benign spots that occur on the sun exposed areas of the skin. They are larger and more defined than freckles.
Some people have an easy tendency towards pigmentation i.e., anything that leaves a black mark on their skin.
The pigmentation that is seen on folds of skin like the nose corners, around the mouth, under the lower lip and arm-pits.
Some people develop darkened and thickened skin around joints and body folds like neck, armpits, elbows and knees.
This is a grayish-black pigmentation commonly seen on sun exposed areas like the face, neck, chest and arms.
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Premature graying makes one feel older and therefore is a cause of great concern.
